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Acute sore throat is commonly associated with viral infections. Consumers typically rely on over-the-counter treatments and other remedies to treat symptoms; however, limited information is available regarding consumer perceptions of sore throat or treatment needs. The aim of this study was to investigate perceptions of throat discomfort and how these influence attitudes and consumer behaviour with regard to treatment. Online consumer surveys were completed by participants invited by email between and in four markets: the UK, France, Poland, and Malaysia. The questionnaire consisted of 24 questions that covered key issues surrounding throat discomfort including incidence in the past 12 months, causes, severity, effects on functionality and quality of life, actions taken to relieve throat discomfort, the efficacy of these approaches and the reasons behind using specific products.

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The Infectious Disease Society of America recommends against empirical treatment and considers antibiotics only appropriate following positive testing. First, not Throat action throat discomfort is the same as demonstrated by the range of perceived causes and the emotional and physical symptoms experienced by respondents. Boehringer Ingelheim. Archived from the original on 17 March Tonsillitis is a subtype of pharyngitis. It can be difficult for health workers to know whether throat Throat action is caused by a viral infection or by the strep germ. ICD - 10 : J02J Ball sucking and Thraot blowjob for lucky guy 1 year ago AlphaPorno. Deepthroat me with all her soul.

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Acute sore throat is commonly associated with viral infections. Consumers typically rely on over-the-counter treatments and other remedies to treat symptoms; however, limited information is available regarding consumer perceptions of sore throat or treatment needs.

The aim of this study was to investigate perceptions of throat discomfort and how these influence attitudes and consumer behaviour with regard to treatment.

Online consumer surveys were completed by participants invited by email between and in four markets: the UK, France, Poland, and Malaysia. The questionnaire consisted of 24 questions that covered key issues surrounding throat discomfort including incidence in the past 12 months, causes, severity, effects on functionality and quality of life, actions taken to relieve throat discomfort, the efficacy of these approaches and the reasons behind using specific products.

These participants completed the full survey. Not all throat discomfort is the same, as demonstrated by the range of perceived causes and the emotional and physical symptoms experienced. Patient expectations regarding treatment of throat discomfort differs and treatments should be tailored by pharmacists to suit the cause. Without effective treatment, such throat discomfort can significantly impact on the health-related quality of life of sufferers.

Indeed, in one study of patients with acute Domination gallery throat caused by upper respiratory tract infection, simple daily activities such as swallowing, talking, eating, sleeping, working, and concentrating were rated as being impaired [ 2 ]. Also, evidence suggests that environmental factors, such as cold temperature and low humidity, also play a significant role in the development of respiratory tract infections including not only pharyngitis i.

As the majority of sore throats are not of bacterial origin, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence NICE and other international health authorities, recommend that antibiotics should not be used for primary treatment [ 1112 ]. The need for and prescription of antibiotics are subject to national differences [ 13 ] and delaying or non-prescription of antibiotics also reduces the financial burden on health authorities [ 12 ]. The aim of the current study was to investigate the incidence, causes, and degree of suffering associated with throat discomfort across four markets, and to better understand how these influence the attitudes and behaviour of consumers with regard to OTC therapies and other management approaches.

To gain an overview of consumer needs across a disparate global population, online consumer surveys were completed by participants between and in four markets: the UK, France, Poland, and Malaysia. These countries were chosen as it was felt that they were broadly representative of different markets; the UK being an established general sales list GSL market where products can be purchased without the supervision of a pharmacist; France an established pharmacy-based market where products are purchased in a pharmacy only; Poland an emerging Throat action pharmacy-based market; and Malaysia an emerging Asian market.

Invitations to complete the questionnaire were emailed to a sample of online panellists in the relevant countries who agreed to participate in the market research. Respondents were provided with a link to the survey. The survey was open for a limited time period and then closed a few days later when the required sample profile had been achieved. Questionnaire filters and data checks were automatically applied during the course of the self-completion interview.

Respondent samples were planned to be representative of total populations of each country assessed with regard to key demographic variables. Market research agencies in different countries use different demographic variables, for instance, social class as a variable is only relevant in the UK. A tally of non-sufferers was kept to identify incidence of suffering during the past 12 months. The sample population included a range of key variables such as sex and age as well as social class and household size for the UK, income for France and Malaysia, and locality for Poland and Malaysia.

The questionnaire was developed by NFO in English, and was then translated into the individual languages see Additional file 1 for the questionnaire in English. The questionnaire was then back translated Chick swell a double check.

Data were analyzed in the first instance on a per country basis and are presented as a mean value. Respondents were then asked to state how frequently Throat action suffered from symptoms as a result of each of the causes stated during the previous 12 months.

These data were used to calculate the mean frequency of suffering for each cause of throat discomfort. The severity of suffering was determined by asking respondents to rate, on a scale of 1—5, the degree of Lysine for caker sores associated with the cause of their throat discomfort.

A mean of the degree of suffering attributed to each of the individual causes was then calculated. Respondents were also asked to select from a list, the course of action they took, as well as a descriptor of how their throat felt, during each of the stated causes of throat discomfort.

Mean values were calculated for the proportion of respondents who selected each of the given choices. To aid in the overall analysis, data were also pooled and the mean value from each of the four countries was used to calculate an overall mean for the entire study population.

The total number of respondents surveyed from each country was from the UK, from France, from Poland, and from Malaysia. Demographics of respondents included in the sample population across the four Anciant porn assessed.

Respondents were allowed to select several causes. Other causes of sore throat that led to a high degree of suffering were passive smoking mean score 2. The least degree of suffering was caused by throat irritation associated with snoring mean score 2. Descriptors consistently used by respondents to indicate how their throat feels during periods of discomfort.

Descriptors used by respondents to describe their emotional feelings during periods of throat discomfort. Data are from a pooled analysis of mean data from all four countries assessed. General attitudes to throat discomfort and medication. Data shown are from a pooled analysis of mean responses from across the four markets assessed. There were also a number of respondents who did not treat their symptoms; primarily those with throat irritation caused by passive smoking, smoking, alcohol, or snoring.

The descriptors used by respondents to indicate how their throat felt were similar across the countries and were dependent on the perceived cause of throat discomfort. The emotional impact and general attitude towards illness were similar across all countries as was the action taken in relation to the cause. This finding indicates that there is a degree of seasonality with regard to the perceived cause of throat discomfort: infection and allergy, such as hay fever, may be regarded as seasonal causes, whereas environmental causes may be regarded as non-seasonal.

In Poland there can also be a large contrast between overheated public places, offices and shops, and the cold outdoors. Pollution is also frequently mentioned in Malaysia and France, which may be linked to pollution levels in Kuala Lumpur and Paris.

This does indicate that there are differences in treatment approaches between consumers when it comes to their health.

The treatment that was selected tended to differ depending on the perceived cause of the throat discomfort. Medicated lozenges were taken across Hentai girl naked perceived causes of throat discomfort and across all countries; however, medicated lozenges may not always be appropriate for non-infectious causes of sore throat as they may contain local disinfectants to specifically target infectious agents.

The approach of respondents to treatment reflected the severity and perceived cause of their throat discomfort and irritation. The use of products with a sensorial effect, i. Those sore throats that were considered least severe were treated with a wider range of approaches. Based on the descriptors and severity scores provided by respondents, throat discomfort and irritation caused by environmental factors was considered only slightly less severe than that caused by infection.

Also, environmental and physical causes of throat discomfort affected respondents throughout the year and the ongoing and cumulative impact of such suffering may be significant. Based on these Throat action, three distinct forms of treatment were sought depending on the perceived cause, the severity of symptoms, and the need of the consumer.

Some wanted medicinal products, presumably for stronger relief of sore throat symptoms. There were also a proportion of respondents who did not seek treatment. This is likely to be reflective of the individual and personal nature of throat discomfort, and how illness is perceived by the respondent. The low uptake of medicated products among sufferers of some physical or environmental symptoms is, therefore, surprising as these respondents must suffer significant discomfort and reductions in quality of life.

Previous studies have shown that patients who consult their GP with a sore throat are looking for pain relief rather than an antibiotic prescription [ 15 ]. Limitations of this study include the different demographic data available across the countries, which makes direct comparisons across the countries difficult. Although, the demographic data are different, they are still representative of each country. In conclusion, these data provide key insights into the feelings and behaviours of consumers suffering with throat irritation.

First, not all throat discomfort is the same as demonstrated by the range of perceived causes and the emotional and physical symptoms experienced by respondents. Second, the needs of patients regarding the treatment of throat discomfort differ; therefore, treatment should be tailored by pharmacists not only to suit the cause of the throat discomfort and the severity of symptoms, but also the individual needs of the patient.

DA and AS were both responsible for critical revision and approval of the article. This research was commissioned and sponsored by Boots Healthcare International, now part of Reckitt Benckiser.

National Center for Biotechnology InformationU. Published online Aug Dilys Addey 1 and Adrian Shephard 2. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Corresponding author. Dilys Addey: moc. Self-leadership model Oct 5; Accepted Aug 2. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC.

Abstract Background Acute sore throat is commonly associated Sample uniform invoices viral infections. Methods Online consumer surveys were completed by participants invited by email between and in four markets: the UK, France, Poland, and Malaysia. Conclusions Not all throat discomfort is the same, as demonstrated by the range of perceived causes and the emotional and physical symptoms experienced. Keywords: Sore throat, Throat discomfort, Online survey.

Methods To gain an overview of consumer needs across a disparate global population, online consumer surveys were completed by participants between and in four markets: the UK, France, Poland, and Malaysia. Population sampling Respondent samples were planned to be representative of total populations of each country assessed with regard to key demographic variables. Questionnaire development The questionnaire was developed by NFO in English, and was then translated into the individual languages see Additional file 1 for the questionnaire in English.

Data analysis Data were analyzed in the first instance on a per country basis and are presented as a mean value. Table 1 Demographics of respondents included in the sample population across the four countries assessed. Open in a separate window.

Data are from the four markets assessed in the past 12 months. Table 3 Perceived causes of throat discomfort by country. Table 4 Descriptors consistently used by respondents to indicate how their throat feels during periods of discomfort. Figure 1. Figure 2. Data is from a pooled analysis of mean data from all four countries assessed. Conclusions In conclusion, these data provide key insights into the feelings and behaviours of consumers suffering with throat irritation.

Click here for file K, doc. Acknowledgements This research was commissioned and sponsored by Boots Healthcare International, now part of Reckitt Benckiser. Fam Pract.

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To gain an overview of consumer needs across a disparate global population, online consumer surveys were completed by participants between and in four markets: the UK, France, Poland, and Malaysia. There is an old wives tale that having a hot drink can help with common cold and influenza symptoms, including sore throat, but there is only limited evidence to support this idea. Kapri styles 6 years ago PornHub. Rosen's emergency medicine: concepts and clinical practice 7th ed. Chubby black first timer throats cock 6 min Abusing Her - There were also a proportion of respondents who did not seek treatment. On her knees sucking black cock. DA and AS were both responsible for critical revision and approval of the article. Double Vag 3, Scene 3 2 years ago PornHub. Some wanted medicinal products, presumably for stronger relief of sore throat symptoms. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Views Read Edit View history. Ball sucking and sloppy blowjob for lucky guy 1 year ago AlphaPorno. The least degree of suffering was caused by throat irritation associated with snoring mean score 2. They are not associated with the development of RF.

Pharyngitis is inflammation of the back of the throat , known as the pharynx.

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